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专访台湾昆剧团团长洪惟助:30年两岸交流间,台湾昆曲从寂寞到勃兴******

  中新社北京12月24日电 题:专访台湾昆剧团团长洪惟助:30年两岸交流间,台湾昆曲从寂寞到勃兴

  中新社记者 李晗雪

  近日“2022海峡两岸年度汉字评选”结果揭晓,“思”字高票当选,其推荐理由是:疫情阻隔下,两岸异地相“思”。聊及此字,台湾昆曲发展最重要的推动者之一、今已年近八旬的台湾“中央大学”教授、台湾昆剧团团长洪惟助坦言,想念以往常见面常交流、彼此启发的老友,也心念过去两岸昆曲交流的热络。新冠疫情下当面交流断了,是非常可惜的事。

  “昆曲的交流,从(20世纪)90年代开始到现在,非常好。两岸互补有无、互相扶持,没有彼此打压、没有恶性竞争,我很希望这种情形能持续下去,也希望别的领域能学习我们昆曲的交流。”洪惟助说。

  1991年起,有感于昆曲之美及其在两岸的寥落,洪惟助与台湾另一戏曲学者曾永义发起并持续主持六届“昆曲传习计划”,邀请大陆昆剧团赴台表演、录像、教学,前后长达10年之久。传习计划让昆曲在台湾生根抽芽、逐渐开花育果。为延续此计划的成果,2000年,在洪惟助带领下、以参与该计划的成员为基础,组成了台湾第一个专业昆剧表演团体“台湾昆剧团”(以下简称“台昆”),并持续聘请大陆名师赴台教学。此外,今日台湾各昆剧团的主要演员及昆曲学术研究者,也多数参加过当年的“昆曲传习计划”。

  “台湾昆曲这三十年的发展,我蛮满意的,虽然不是百分之百了。”老先生笑说。首先,台湾的昆曲观众多了。台昆常去学校作讲座,学生们都非常喜欢。演出后也有观众在反馈卡片上写,第一次来听昆曲就感受到其中之美,一定要再来看戏。而台昆的演出也获得了不少昆曲爱好者的慷慨支持。洪惟助认为,昆曲在台湾的传播比他预期的还好。第二是台湾昆曲专业表演团体从无到有,现已能够独立完成从剧本创作到定谱、表演的整套剧目制作过程,“很不容易”。

  “昆曲传习计划”虽已告一段落,但此后两岸昆曲艺术人才依然往来互通,持续活络着两岸戏坛。例如近年大陆昆曲演员温宇航赴台发展,影响台湾同辈演员亦教导晚辈,洪惟助认为对台湾昆曲发展产生了很好影响。而洪惟助的儿子、作曲家洪敦远在2016年由大陆昆山当代昆剧院作为台湾优秀青年昆曲人才引进,洪惟助表示,很支持儿子,这是不错的学习机会。

  2020年昆山当代昆剧院推出的原创昆剧《描朱记》,正是由洪敦远担任唱腔设计。遗憾的是,演出时洪惟助父子都在台湾,因疫情无法应邀观看演出。洪惟助还谈道,原本与北方昆曲剧院有合写剧本演出的计划,也因疫情停顿,希望疫情赶快过去。

  回顾以往两岸昆曲界的合作,洪惟助如数家珍。浙江昆剧团与台湾昆剧团共同打造新编昆剧《范蠡与西施》并在两岸演出,北方昆曲剧院赴台演出昆剧《红楼梦》……洪惟助称,约在2005年至2013年间,他每年都推动两岸合作在台举行大型昆曲演出,“那时候可以说是‘大交流’”。

  “很多事情都要长久地努力。我(20世纪)90年代就想成立一个昆曲博物馆,但2017年才在‘中央大学’实现。”老先生说。

  今年10月,洪惟助的老友曾永义离世。洪惟助说:“在我们那一辈,台湾研究戏曲的人并不多,好像就我们两个人做得比较多。但后来我们带出了很多学生,尤其曾永义,他教的学生很多,大多继续从事戏曲相关工作。他的学生又带学生……”洪惟助自叹冲劲不如从前,他非常期待有台湾年轻人接班,继续做昆曲传承工作。(完)

中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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